Duke Energy is evaluating the use of a point to point digital secondary system to reduce the amount of copper utilized in traditional substation protection designs. Physically large substations with ...

When it comes to communication systems, differential circuits can always provide better performance over single-ended circuits. They can provide higher linearity, immunity to common mode interference ...

Phase-shifting transformers play an important role to control the power flow within our modern networks that include more and more renewable energy sources. The most important protection principle for ...

The Red Eléctrica de España (REE) high-voltage transmission system includes existing circuits that comprise mainly overhead lines with short sections of underground cable. To comply with environmental ...